This is the historical background of euro (€) european currency which is collected from www.wikipedia.org are as follows:
The euro (€) is the official currency of 16 of the 27 Member States of the European Union (EU). The states, known collectively as the Eurozone, are Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain. The currency is also used in a further five European countries, with and without formal agreements and is consequently used daily by some 327 million Europeans. Over 175 million people worldwide use currencies which are pegged to the euro, including more than 150 million people in Africa.
The euro is the second largest reserve currency and the second most traded currency in the world after the U.S. dollar. As of November 2008, with more than €751 billion in circulation, the euro is the currency with the highest combined value of cash in circulation in the world, having surpassed the U.S. dollar.Based on IMF estimates of 2008 GDP and purchasing power parity among the various currencies, the Eurozone is the second largest economy in the world.
The name euro was officially adopted on 16 December 1995.The euro was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, replacing the former European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio of 1:1. Euro coins and banknotes entered circulation on 1 January 2002.
Sunday, November 1, 2009
Tuesday, October 27, 2009
RULES OF CHINA AND EUROPE IN TRADING
Zombi continue sharing some important and fundamental issues about trading, commerce and business which are as follows:
The final decision on the standard to be adopted is the fundamental of all reform in currency. Hence it is very necessary to go fully into the points of difference between other countries of the world and China. Let me first point out the difference between Europe and China. In Europe, as I have already mentioned in the previous chapters, it was a choice between gold and silver, without any further encumbrances. The most important point, and one that should not be lost sight of, was that at the time the choice was made there was a great deal of fixity of ratio between the value of the two metals. The two questions that were then being considered were: first, the choice of the metal which would furnish sufficient metallic currency for the purpose of the growing international trade; and, second, the simplification of trade accounts by the adoption of one or other of the metals as the standard of value. Each state in Europe was changing the ratio -within narrow limits - of the values of one or other of the two metals whenever it deemed it necessary; and such a procedure was, of course, not very conducive to the free flow of international commerce. Opinion was divided between two courses; one was the adoption of gold, and the other, the retention of gold and silver as before, without variability in value. The events that led to the final adoption of gold in England I have already explained; and her example was sooner or later followed in all other countries, where there was a large growth in the industrial and manufacturing activity, leading to an enormous increase in the national wealth, wages and prices; there was also a comparatively increased supply of gold when silver production was decreasing. A country which has a bigger national wealth naturally prefers a unit of greater value than one with a smaller wealth, wages and prices. Thus it is no wonder that England fixed upon gold. There must also be sufficient supply of the coin or metal that forms the medium of exchange; at the time when England was growing richer silver production was decreasing; and it was but natural that England should have taken to gold. A little later, even as late as 1886, when the production of gold was showing no signs of increasing, economists were wavering, especially with regard to their faith in gold. But when once again the production of gold increased by leaps and bounds -and the manufactures and industries of not only England but practically all Europe were increasing, in an even larger ratio - the gold standard became a fixity. During recent years again, there was a slight uneasiness, not because of the paucity of gold production, but because of the enormous growth of credit on a very slender basis of gold. While some years previously there was talk of too much gold, there were complaints in 1912 that the production of gold was insufficient to meet the currency demand of the world. What the future may have in store for us we do not know. The war in Europe is likely to lead to problems which might probably bring down gold from the high pedestal it has been on for over twenty years - as the standard of value, of course.
Contrast the conditions in China with those in Europe. There is no comparison between the national wealth of the two countries. There are no manufactures in this country, and besides the country has been for nearly forty years buying more than it sold, and thus accumulating a large adverse trade balance. The country has no wealth with which to improve its industry and manufactures; and it is a well-known fact that the profits of industries and manufactures are greater than those of agriculture, and that such profits alone have enabled Europe to adopt and maintain a gold standard. Moreover, China has not even the freedom to develop into a manufacturing country which the European countries had the good fortune to have. When the several states in Europe adopted machinery they protected the nascent industries by heavy taxation on all such foreign goods entering the country. Even to-day, practically every country in Europe - except England - the United States, and all the British Colonies have the most voluminous schedule of protective taxation. Foreign goods entering China are taxed merely to furnish revenue to the Government, and not with a view to encourage local industry or with a view to enable her to compete with foreign manufactures. The standard of living, especially in view of the almost entire absence of manufactures and the small national wealth, is extremely low; and the ratio between the standard in China and English may be roughly put at one to fifty. Therefore, the basis of a unit must naturally be regulated by the considerations which I have mentioned above.
The final decision on the standard to be adopted is the fundamental of all reform in currency. Hence it is very necessary to go fully into the points of difference between other countries of the world and China. Let me first point out the difference between Europe and China. In Europe, as I have already mentioned in the previous chapters, it was a choice between gold and silver, without any further encumbrances. The most important point, and one that should not be lost sight of, was that at the time the choice was made there was a great deal of fixity of ratio between the value of the two metals. The two questions that were then being considered were: first, the choice of the metal which would furnish sufficient metallic currency for the purpose of the growing international trade; and, second, the simplification of trade accounts by the adoption of one or other of the metals as the standard of value. Each state in Europe was changing the ratio -within narrow limits - of the values of one or other of the two metals whenever it deemed it necessary; and such a procedure was, of course, not very conducive to the free flow of international commerce. Opinion was divided between two courses; one was the adoption of gold, and the other, the retention of gold and silver as before, without variability in value. The events that led to the final adoption of gold in England I have already explained; and her example was sooner or later followed in all other countries, where there was a large growth in the industrial and manufacturing activity, leading to an enormous increase in the national wealth, wages and prices; there was also a comparatively increased supply of gold when silver production was decreasing. A country which has a bigger national wealth naturally prefers a unit of greater value than one with a smaller wealth, wages and prices. Thus it is no wonder that England fixed upon gold. There must also be sufficient supply of the coin or metal that forms the medium of exchange; at the time when England was growing richer silver production was decreasing; and it was but natural that England should have taken to gold. A little later, even as late as 1886, when the production of gold was showing no signs of increasing, economists were wavering, especially with regard to their faith in gold. But when once again the production of gold increased by leaps and bounds -and the manufactures and industries of not only England but practically all Europe were increasing, in an even larger ratio - the gold standard became a fixity. During recent years again, there was a slight uneasiness, not because of the paucity of gold production, but because of the enormous growth of credit on a very slender basis of gold. While some years previously there was talk of too much gold, there were complaints in 1912 that the production of gold was insufficient to meet the currency demand of the world. What the future may have in store for us we do not know. The war in Europe is likely to lead to problems which might probably bring down gold from the high pedestal it has been on for over twenty years - as the standard of value, of course.
Contrast the conditions in China with those in Europe. There is no comparison between the national wealth of the two countries. There are no manufactures in this country, and besides the country has been for nearly forty years buying more than it sold, and thus accumulating a large adverse trade balance. The country has no wealth with which to improve its industry and manufactures; and it is a well-known fact that the profits of industries and manufactures are greater than those of agriculture, and that such profits alone have enabled Europe to adopt and maintain a gold standard. Moreover, China has not even the freedom to develop into a manufacturing country which the European countries had the good fortune to have. When the several states in Europe adopted machinery they protected the nascent industries by heavy taxation on all such foreign goods entering the country. Even to-day, practically every country in Europe - except England - the United States, and all the British Colonies have the most voluminous schedule of protective taxation. Foreign goods entering China are taxed merely to furnish revenue to the Government, and not with a view to encourage local industry or with a view to enable her to compete with foreign manufactures. The standard of living, especially in view of the almost entire absence of manufactures and the small national wealth, is extremely low; and the ratio between the standard in China and English may be roughly put at one to fifty. Therefore, the basis of a unit must naturally be regulated by the considerations which I have mentioned above.
Tuesday, October 13, 2009
ARE YOU FAMOUS IN FOREX TRADING BY USING FOREX MARKETING
Marketing is one of the important part in forex trading. How about if you are interested in obtaining an automatic forex trading software? What is called a forex robot is an automatic forex trading software.
The Forex exchange Autopilot technology helps users design and run any automatic forex trading software.
One of the largest financial markets is the Forex trading. Day or night, it doesn’t really matter; the trade goes on even as half of the world is asleep. It offers a lot of opportunities for many organizations and individuals to make profit.
Learn More About Forex Trading at Forex-Robot-Secrets.com :
Doing paper trade and simulated trading can be tested even before using real money.
Automatic forex trading software utilizes a program to judge falls and rises in currency rates to make profitable trading decisions.
Don’t be a scared to lose a certain amount of money, because any trade involves a lot of it. You can instead stop orders, it doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t limit your losses. And above all, learning from your prior losses is very important.
A exceptional trader by day should be serious. Based on their pre-set criterial and parameters an individual is required to make decisions in certain situations.
Frequently make a point to follow your trading plan/system; so you can adequately evaluate the results of your plan. If expectations aren’t met, then it’s time to make adjustments and tunings, so that your plan be of good use ahead.
People plunge in deeper because they are persuaded by eagerness and fear.
There are also some day traders that are afraid to lose money. For instance your stock goes down, and you’re still hoping that after some time it will rise again.
Leave no room for fear or greed to take over, as a day trader this will take you straight to your losses.
You can also trade online with Forex trading at home if you’re serious about day trading. A requirement you must need is some software and hardware available for a good platform for you to work online trading.
One of the hardware requirements will be using an operating system with Window XP or the like. You shouldn’t use a LCD monitor less than 19inches.
Using the internet you can use two types of execution services. The first type differs on how reviewed, accepted, and accomplished customer orders are. It causes delay in a trade completion. On the other hand, the EDAT enables the trader to contact specialists directly. Resulting to a much faster achievement and approval of the orders.
Want to take the guesswork out of Forex trades? Read more Forex robot reviews in detail at Forex-Robot-Secrets.com. The Forex Autopilot technology helps users design and run any automatic forex trading software. Traders make successful trades on autopilot using Forex Robots.
The Forex exchange Autopilot technology helps users design and run any automatic forex trading software.
One of the largest financial markets is the Forex trading. Day or night, it doesn’t really matter; the trade goes on even as half of the world is asleep. It offers a lot of opportunities for many organizations and individuals to make profit.
Learn More About Forex Trading at Forex-Robot-Secrets.com :
Doing paper trade and simulated trading can be tested even before using real money.
Automatic forex trading software utilizes a program to judge falls and rises in currency rates to make profitable trading decisions.
Don’t be a scared to lose a certain amount of money, because any trade involves a lot of it. You can instead stop orders, it doesn’t mean that you shouldn’t limit your losses. And above all, learning from your prior losses is very important.
A exceptional trader by day should be serious. Based on their pre-set criterial and parameters an individual is required to make decisions in certain situations.
Frequently make a point to follow your trading plan/system; so you can adequately evaluate the results of your plan. If expectations aren’t met, then it’s time to make adjustments and tunings, so that your plan be of good use ahead.
People plunge in deeper because they are persuaded by eagerness and fear.
There are also some day traders that are afraid to lose money. For instance your stock goes down, and you’re still hoping that after some time it will rise again.
Leave no room for fear or greed to take over, as a day trader this will take you straight to your losses.
You can also trade online with Forex trading at home if you’re serious about day trading. A requirement you must need is some software and hardware available for a good platform for you to work online trading.
One of the hardware requirements will be using an operating system with Window XP or the like. You shouldn’t use a LCD monitor less than 19inches.
Using the internet you can use two types of execution services. The first type differs on how reviewed, accepted, and accomplished customer orders are. It causes delay in a trade completion. On the other hand, the EDAT enables the trader to contact specialists directly. Resulting to a much faster achievement and approval of the orders.
Want to take the guesswork out of Forex trades? Read more Forex robot reviews in detail at Forex-Robot-Secrets.com. The Forex Autopilot technology helps users design and run any automatic forex trading software. Traders make successful trades on autopilot using Forex Robots.
Saturday, October 3, 2009
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN A TRADER OR A GAMBLER
Why do you trade?
Let me guess…
Because you want to make a crapload of money and be able to buy anything you wish?
While this is a perfectly valid reason, it will most likely lead to excessive greed and ultimately lead to your trading account’s destruction.
You might as well take your money to Vegas instead, and gamble it away.
Once your money is all gone, at least it was entertaining.
Greed is the worst motivation for trading. The market will always punish greed and will always reward moderation.
Never try to make all of your money on one trade.
Never try to make all of your money on one trade.
If you do, you are not trading, you are gambling!
There is a fine line between traders and gamblers. When there is real money on the line, there are always those who take blind chances.
If you want to be a successful, do NOT think like a gambler, do NOT take blind chances and do NOT solely rely on luck.
Luck comes and goes just like the gambler.
It’s the trader who remains.
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